儀式與戲劇——以鬼魂爲中心的觀察

民間祭醮以鬼魂爲超度對象，習俗喪葬儀式常附帶搬演鬼戲。本文試圖在儀式與戲劇交叉的互文中，以鬼魂爲考察點，梳理鬼魂觀念的兩種文化演繹，並比較其形態之異同。筆者以爲，儀式鬼與戲劇鬼，雖有同工，究是異曲，一如宗教思維與戲劇藝術的關係，雖縱横交接、相互利用，實經緯分明。

The sins of ghosts are expiated in sacrificial folk rituals; “ghost plays” thus become a supplementary repertoire of customary funerary ceremonies. The present study focuses on ghosts within the contexts of rituals and drama. It is an attempt to examine and compare how the conception of ghosts is interpreted in the two different cultures. The author argues that “ritual ghosts” and “drama ghosts” share certain similarities but are substantially different. Just like the relationship between religious thought and dramatic art, they are related to each other in many ways and reciprocally draw on each other, but they belong to two distinct disciplines.