体标记在不同语体中的分布情况考察

本研究采用包含口語、小說和報刊新聞三種語體的語料庫對"了1"、"著"、"在"、"過"這四個主要體標記在不同語體中的使用情況做了比較全面的考查,有一些新的發現,或者說為一些以前的觀察找到了進一步的語料支持。首先,體標記在小說中使用頻率最高,在報刊中使用頻率最低。另外,四個體標記中,"了1"的使用頻率最高,"在"的使用頻率最低。"著"和"在"不出現在"敘述"動詞/小句中。"過"大部分出現在"非敘述"動詞/小句中,但也少量出現在"敘述"動詞/小句中。"了1"絕大部分出現在"敘述"動詞/小句中。但有終結點并在某個參照時間前完成或結束只是"了1"的必要條件,而不是充分條件。"了1"的出現與否還受到其他因素的影響,如:故事情節的發展、句子的音韻節奏、動詞的情狀類型、動詞后的賓語類型等等。

This paper reports the results of a corpus-based study on the distribution of the four major Chinese aspect markers 了1 le1,著 zhe,在 zai and 過 guo in different modes of discourse including conversation,fiction and news.We have made some new findings and have also found corpus data support for some previous findings.Our findings include:le1 is the most frequent of the four aspect markers in all the three modes of discourse,while zai is the least frequent.Zhe and zai do not appear in narrative clauses.More occurrences of guo appear in non-narrative clauses but there are also some occurrences that appear in narrative clauses.Most occurrences of le1 appear in narrative clauses.An endpoint and completion or termination of an event are the necessary requirements for the appearance of le1.The appearance of le1 is also conditioned by the story line,the prosody of the clause,the situation type of the clause,and the type of complements after the verb.