从肠道菌群调控角度探讨中药汤剂中多糖组分存在的意义

汤剂为中药传统用药方式。汤剂中除小分子组分外, 亦包含多糖等大分子组分。以往中药新药研发过程 中常采用“醇沉除杂”工艺, 去除多糖等口服不吸收“无效组分”, 富集小分子“有效组分”, 以改善制剂成型性。近年 来, 随着人们对肠道菌群与宿主健康/疾病的密切关系及中药多糖潜在益生元作用的认识不断加深, 汤剂中多糖组 分存在的价值越发值得关注。结合本课题组及文献研究进展, 本综述在简述肠道菌群与健康/疾病关系的基础上, 概 述中药多糖通过调节肠道菌群干预机体代谢、肠功能、免疫、炎症、情志及肿瘤等疾病状态, 通过肠道菌群介导影响 共存小分子组分吸收、代谢和转运, 以及肠道菌群调节作用的结构特异性, 以此从肠道菌群调控角度探讨多糖组分 在中药汤剂中存在的重要价值, 为基于经典名方和临床验方的创新药物研发过程中重视多糖组分的存在提供启示。
Decoction is one of the traditional dosage forms of traditional Chinese medicines（TCMs）.In addition to small molecular components,decoction also contains polysaccharides and other macromolecular components.For a long time,ethanol precipitation has been commonly used during TCMs based new drug development to remove "ineffective macromolecular components",and enrich "active small molecules components",so as to improve the subsequent formability of the preparations.With the recognition of the relationships between gut microbiota and host health/disease,and the potential prebiotic effects of natural polysaccharides,the important values of polysaccharides in TCMs decoctions have been gradually emerged.Based on the representative findings of our own research and the literatures,the potential prebiotics function of TCMs polysaccharides were reviewed regarding its related effects on host physiological and pathological processes of metabolic function,bowel function,immunity,inflammation,emotion and tumor,on the metabolism and absorption of coexisting small molecule components,as well as the structure-function features,so that the meanings of polysaccharides in TCMs decoction were discussed and emphasized,and hopefully to provide enlightenment for the premise of attaching importance to the existence of polysaccharide components in the process of innovative drug research and development based on classical and clinical TCMs prescriptions.