从珠三角到大珠三角再到粤港澳大湾区: 改革开放以来中国的国家尺度重组

尺度重组是解释当前国家、城市等地域组织参与全球化竞争的工具媒介。文章以中国华南地区改革开放以来广东、香港、澳门三地跨界合作为例,借鉴行动者网络理论的研究方法深入剖析珠三角、大珠三角及粤港澳大湾区3个“新国家空间”的尺度重组过程,揭示中国尺度重组的政治经济逻辑。研究发现,行动者拥有的资源决定了其在尺度网络中的地位,而中国的“新国家空间”形成主要依托中央政府推动,其发展目标的设定具有决定性作用,港澳特区政府、广东省地方政府、乡镇企业和外资企业等其他行动者在协同合作中将自身的发展目标与之融合形成了“强制通过点”。纵观三阶段的演变过程,制度因素的重要性越来越得到凸显。

Rescaling is a tool to explain the participation of territorial organizations, such as nation-states and cities, in global competition. Considering the cross-border cooperation between Guangdong, Hong Kong, and Macao since the reform and opening up in South China as an example, this study draws on the research methods of the Actor-Network Theory to analyze the rescaling process of the three “new state spaces,” including the Pearl River Delta, the Greater Pearl River Delta, and the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area and reveals the political and economic logic of the state rescaling of China. It was found that the power and resources of the actor determine its position in the scale network and that the formation of China’s “New State Space” is primarily driven by the central government, with decisive importance being the development goal. Other actors, such as the Hong Kong and Macao SAR governments, the local governments of the Guangdong Province, township enterprises, and multinational corporations, have combined their development goals with that of the central government to form an “Obligatory Passage Point”. Throughout the three-stage evolution process, the importance of institutional factors has become increasingly prominent.