亚致死剂量噻虫嗪对日本弓背蚁觅食和亲系识别能力的影响

[目的] 研究亚致死剂量噻虫嗪对日本弓背蚁觅食和亲系识别能力的损害，重点观察通过个体交流传递杀虫剂的影响。[方法] 通过模拟觅食情景，观察农药处理对日本弓背蚁觅食能力的影响；通过Y形管试验和EAG（electroantennography）试验，观察农药处理对亲系识别能力的影响；通过攻击行为试验，观察农药处理对异种蚂蚁识别能力的影响。[结果] 农药直接处理和通过个体交流获得的间接处理，均导致蚂蚁招募行为的丧失；2种处理对同巢蚂蚁的识别能力无统计学差异，但显著影响对异巢蚂蚁的识别能力；在对异种蚂蚁的攻击行为和巢穴保护方面，仅直接处理组出现显著影响。[结论] 亚致死剂量噻虫嗪可以直接影响日本弓背蚁的觅食和亲系识别能力；而且通过个体间的信息交流，农药对社会行为的影响可以传递给其他未直接接触到药剂的蚂蚁，从而影响日本弓背蚁的种群发展。

[Objectives] The sublethal effects of thiamethoxam, a neonicotinoid insecticide, were evaluated on the foraging and discrimination behaviors of the ant Camponotus japonicus, with special attention on the indirect effects through individual communication among ants. [VI el hods J By simulating the foraging situation, the change of foraging ability of ant in different treated groups was observed. Through the Y-tube test and EAG (electroantennography) test, the ability of different treated groups of ants to the nestmates and non-nestmates was observed. Based on the changes in the discrimination ability, the ability of different treatment groups of ants to discriminate the heterologous ants was observed in the aggressive behavior test. [Results] There was no significant difference in the ability of different treated ants to find food, but there was a difference in foraging efficiency. The control ants performed recruiting behavior, while the indirectly treated ants and the directly treated ants did not. The control ants showed difference to indirectly treated ants and directly treated ants in discriminating the nestmates and non-nestmate, the control ants could discriminate the non-mates well, but the others couldn't discriminate the non-nestmates well. When discriminating the nestmates, there was no significant difference among different treated ants. In the attack tests,the direct treatment with sublethal thiamethoxam remarkably reduced the aggressive behavior when compared to the control ants. However, the aggressive behavior of indirectly treated ants showed no significant differences from control and directly treated ants. [Conclusions] The sublethal thiamethoxam can directly affect the foraging and discrimination ability of the ants. Through the communications between the ants, the directly treated ants can deliver these negative effects to others which have not been directly exposed to insecticides. The treated ants affect the development of colony of the ants.