中小學輔導教師在跨專業系統合作中的挑戰: 可能遭遇的困境、阻礙合作的因素以及如何克服

學生議題常與校園、家庭等系統脈絡密切相關，不過許多學生輔導人員並不熟悉如何評估與介入生態系統對學生發展與適應的影響，但資深輔導人員與國內外研究皆呼籲跨專業系統合作對學生輔導工作很重要。本研究訪談全台二十八位中、小學輔導教師，瞭解其在輔導學生時曾遭遇哪些合作挑戰，與哪些對象合作有困難，哪些脈絡因素阻礙合作，如何克服這些困難。訪談資料經質性分析，歸納出六類合作困難：（一）各行其是，未啟動合作；（二）對方不配合、不信任；（三）怕破壞關係而退縮；（四）合作成效不彰；（五）彼此意見不合、衝突；（六）主管不支持。阻礙合作的脈絡因素有：（1）缺乏合作意識；（2）抗拒合作；（3）能力限制；（4）立場差異導致衝突；（5）制度與文化的限制。本研究發現，本地輔導教師在系統合作上主要困難在於「未能進入合作」及「無法順利克服合作過程中浮現的挑戰」。文末並針對輔導教師如何克服合作困境，提出五個層面上的建議。

The linkage between student’s issues and their systemic contexts has been evident, yet many teachers don’t work with systems. Experienced teachers and literature have been advocating the necessity of interdisciplinary collaboration in student counseling. This study interviewed 28 student-counseling teachers in Taiwan to explore what challenges they have encountered in collaboration, with whom they have found it difficult to collaborate, what contextual factors hinder collaboration, and how those difficulties might be overcome. Through qualitative analysis, six challenges in collaboration were found: (1) information wasn’t shared and thus collaboration was not activated; (2) unresponsive counterparts, resulting in parallel practices; (3) withdrawal due to fear of disharmony; (4) ineffective collaboration; (5) direct conflict; (6) no support from authorities.Results further demonstrate that five factors hinder collaboration: (a) a lack of collaborative intent; (b) resistance; (c) limited competency; (d) discrepancies in positions/perspectives; (e) restrictions in culture. Strategies for overcoming challenges and further suggestions for training are provided.