End of life scenarios assessment of bioplastics and biomass-based disposable bags/tableware available in Hong Kong: biodegradability and environmental impact

Global production of bioplastic and biomass-derived tableware is rising due to increased awareness of plastic pollution. These biomaterials come with labels indicating their biodegradability, but end-of-life (EoL) analysis under anaerobic digestion and composting, especially in Hong Kong, is limited. There is also insufficient understanding of bio-disintegration, biodegradation, and the potential formation of micro- and nano-plastics during these processes. This study aims to analyze the EoL of biomaterials in Hong Kong to assess their suitability for biological waste treatment facilities. Systematic laboratory experiments will focus on biodegradation rates, micro/nano-plastic formation, and process performance. Additionally, lifecycle assessment (LCA) and material flow analysis will evaluate environmental impacts. The study's findings will guide the use of biomaterials in waste collection and inform labeling standardization for better waste management.