Network
Office of the Provost
Office of the President and Vice-Chancellor
Organisational unit: Administrative Units
Hong Kong Baptist University
Organisational unit: University
Office of the President and Vice-Chancellor
Organisational unit: Administrative Units
Institute of Computational and Theoretical Studies
Organisational unit: Research Centres
The Beijing-Hong Kong-Singapore Joint Centre for Nonlinear and Complex Systems
Organisational unit: Research Centres
Office of the Vice-President (Research and Development)
Office of the President and Vice-Chancellor
Organisational unit: Administrative Units
State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis
Office of the Vice-President (Research and Development)
Organisational unit: Research Centres
Golden Meditech Centre for NeuroRegeneration Sciences
Organisational unit: Research Centres
Department of Management, Marketing and Information Systems
Organisational unit: Academic Units
Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health
Organisational unit: Academic Units
Institute of Creativity
Office of the Vice-President (Research and Development)
Organisational unit: Research Centres
Smart Society Lab
Office of the Vice-President (Research and Development)
Organisational unit: Research Centres
Hong Kong Baptist University
External organisation: Academic
City University of Hong Kong
External organisation: Academic
The University of Hong Kong
External organisation: Academic
HKBU Institute for Research and Continuing Education
External organisation: Academic
Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
External organisation: Academic
Hong Kong Polytechnic University
External organisation: Academic
Zhejiang University
External organisation: Academic
Chinese University of Hong Kong
External organisation: Academic
Tongji University
External organisation: Academic
Taiyuan University of Technology
External organisation: Academic
Sun Yat-Sen University
External organisation: Academic
University of Potsdam
External organisation: Academic
Beijing Computational Science Research Center
External organisation: Unknown
Texas A&M University
External organisation: Academic
Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
External organisation: Government
Southern University of Science and Technology
External organisation: Academic
Peking University
External organisation: Academic
Fudan University
External organisation: Academic
University of Science and Technology of China
External organisation: Academic
Nanjing University
External organisation: Academic
National University of Singapore
External organisation: Academic
Tsinghua University
External organisation: Academic
Humboldt University of Berlin
External organisation: Academic
Shanghai Jiao Tong University
External organisation: Academic
Shandong University
External organisation: Academic
Shanxi University
External organisation: Academic
China Academy of Engineering Physics
External organisation: Government
Xi'an Jiaotong University
External organisation: Academic
Nanyang Technological University
External organisation: Academic
University of Birmingham
External organisation: Academic
Soochow University
External organisation: Academic
Beijing Normal University
External organisation: Academic
University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
External organisation: Academic
Nanchang University
External organisation: Academic
Shanghai University
External organisation: Academic
National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University
External organisation: Academic
Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics
External organisation: Government
Chinese Academy of Sciences
External organisation: Government
University of Macau
External organisation: Academic
Jilin University
External organisation: Academic
Wuhan University
External organisation: Academic
Harvard University
External organisation: Academic
Paderborn University
External organisation: Academic
University of Houston
External organisation: Academic
University of Oldenburg
External organisation: Academic
Quaid-I-Azam University
External organisation: Academic
South China University of Technology
External organisation: Academic
East China Normal University
External organisation: Academic
Hoseo University
External organisation: Academic
Universität zu Köln
External organisation: Academic
McMaster University
External organisation: Academic
CAS - Institute of Chemistry
External organisation: Academic
CAS - Institute of Semiconductors
External organisation: Academic
Central South University
External organisation: Academic
Brown University
External organisation: Academic
Imperial College London
External organisation: Academic
University of Melbourne
External organisation: Academic
South China Normal University
External organisation: Academic
Rutgers - The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick
External organisation: Academic
Jinan University
External organisation: Academic
Guangdong University of Technology
External organisation: Academic
Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research
External organisation: Government
Central China Normal University
External organisation: Academic
University of Cambridge
External organisation: Academic
Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications
External organisation: Academic
University of Queensland
External organisation: Academic
University of Texas at Austin
External organisation: Academic
Shenzhen University
External organisation: Academic
Ocean University of China
External organisation: Academic
University of Florida
External organisation: Academic
CAS - Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
External organisation: Academic
Huaqiao University
External organisation: Academic
Dalian University of Technology
External organisation: Academic
Huazhong University of Science and Technology
External organisation: Academic
Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society
External organisation: Government
East China University of Science and Technology
External organisation: Academic
Institute of Molecular Functional Materials
External organisation: Unknown
Southwest University
External organisation: Academic
Huaibei Normal University
External organisation: Academic
Charles Darwin University
External organisation: Academic
National Renewable Energy Laboratory
External organisation: Government
Ulm University
External organisation: Academic
King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
External organisation: Academic
Case Western Reserve University
External organisation: Academic
National Research Council of Italy
External organisation: Government
Harbin Institute of Technology
External organisation: Academic
Sichuan University
External organisation: Academic
Southeast University, Nanjing
External organisation: Academic
Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Service de Physique de l'Etat Condensé, Centre d'Etudes de Saclay
External organisation: Unknown
Pennsylvania State University
External organisation: Academic
Los Alamos National Laboratory
External organisation: Government
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
External organisation: Academic
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
External organisation: Academic
Ames Laboratory
External organisation: Government
Nazarbayev University
External organisation: Academic
Guangxi Normal University
External organisation: Academic
University of Florence
External organisation: Academic
CAS - Changchun Institute of Optics Fine Mechanics and Physics
External organisation: Academic
University of California at San Diego
External organisation: Academic
Heriot-Watt University
External organisation: Academic
National Center for Nanoscience and Technology
External organisation: Academic
Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology
External organisation: Academic
CAS - Institute of Theoretical Physics
External organisation: Academic
National Tsing Hua University
External organisation: Academic
Yunnan University
External organisation: Academic
Shaanxi Normal University
External organisation: Academic
Zhengzhou University
External organisation: Academic
Jeonbuk National University
External organisation: Academic
Fuzhou University
External organisation: Academic
Carnegie Mellon University
External organisation: Academic
University of Oxford
External organisation: Academic
Jacobs University
External organisation: Academic
CAS - Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics
External organisation: Academic
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
External organisation: Government
Hubei University
External organisation: Academic
Tianjin University
External organisation: Academic
Lanzhou University
External organisation: Academic
China University of Geosciences, Wuhan
External organisation: Academic
COMSATS University Islamabad
External organisation: Academic
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
External organisation: Academic
University of Greifswald
External organisation: Academic
Nanjing Normal University
External organisation: Academic
University of Shanghai for Science and Technology
External organisation: Academic
Zhejiang Normal University
External organisation: Academic
Jülich Research Centre
External organisation: Government
Research Centre of Excellence for Organic Electronics
External organisation: Academic
University Grants Committee
External organisation: Unknown
National University of Defense Technology
External organisation: Academic
Dana-Farber Cancer Institute
External organisation: Medical
North Dakota State University
External organisation: Academic
Linköping University
External organisation: Academic
Korea Institute for Advanced Study
External organisation: Government
Institute of Materials Research and Engineering
External organisation: Unknown
Hong Kong Institute of Technology
External organisation: Unknown
University of Washington
External organisation: Academic
University of Cologne
External organisation: Academic
University of Kent
External organisation: Academic
King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok
External organisation: Academic
IMN
External organisation: Unknown
Université de Lille
External organisation: Academic
Beihang University
External organisation: Academic
Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich
External organisation: Academic
Ernst Moritz Arndt Universität Greifswald
External organisation: Academic
Harvard Medical School
External organisation: Academic
Chiba University
External organisation: Academic
Queen Mary University of London
External organisation: Academic
Technical University of Munich
External organisation: Academic
CAS - Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
External organisation: Academic
University of Leeds
External organisation: Academic
Henan Normal University
External organisation: Academic
ULVAC, Inc.
External organisation: Corporate
University of Massachusetts Lowell
External organisation: Academic
Department of Physics
External organisation: Unknown
China Center of Advanced Science and Technology World Laboratory
External organisation: Government
Ruder Boskovic Institute
External organisation: Government
Cornell University
External organisation: Academic
Yonsei University
External organisation: Academic
Xi'an University of Science and Technology
External organisation: Academic
Argonne National Laboratory
External organisation: Unknown
University of Rome La Sapienza
External organisation: Academic
PSL Research University
External organisation: Unknown
University of California at Berkeley
External organisation: Academic
University of California at Los Angeles
External organisation: Academic
Qingdao University of Science and Technology
External organisation: Academic
University of Kaiserslautern
External organisation: Academic
Southwest Jiaotong University
External organisation: Academic
ShanghaiTech University
External organisation: Academic
University of Sydney
External organisation: Academic
CAS - Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology
External organisation: Academic
University of Minnesota Twin Cities
External organisation: Academic
Max-Planck-Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems
External organisation: Government
Fujian Normal University
External organisation: Academic
Lobachevsky State University of Nizhni Novgorod
External organisation: Academic
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
External organisation: Academic
Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology
External organisation: Academic
University of California at Davis
External organisation: Academic
University of Aberdeen
External organisation: Academic
Sorbonne Université
External organisation: Academic
Institute for Solid State Research
External organisation: Academic
Beijing Institute of Technology
External organisation: Academic
CAS - Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics
External organisation: Academic
University of Texas Rio Grande Valley
External organisation: Academic
Shanxi Datong University
External organisation: Academic
Nanjing Tech University
External organisation: Academic
Northwestern Polytechnical University Xian
External organisation: Academic
University of New Mexico
External organisation: Academic
ANA Artwork Material Analysis Ltd
External organisation: Unknown
Drexel University
External organisation: Academic
Taiyuan University of Science and Technology
External organisation: Academic
Guilin University of Electronic Technology
External organisation: Academic
RAS - Institute of Applied Physics
External organisation: Government
Guangdong Institute of Eco-Environment and Soil Science
External organisation: Academic
University of Bonn
External organisation: Academic
University of Texas at Dallas
External organisation: Academic
Kunming University of Science and Technology
External organisation: Academic
National Research Council of Canada
External organisation: Government
Iowa State University
External organisation: Academic
Ministry of Education, China
External organisation: Government
CAS - Institute of Solid State Physics
External organisation: Academic
Beijing Jiaotong University
External organisation: Academic
Guangzhou University
External organisation: Academic
Shanxi Institute of Energy
External organisation: Unknown
University of Zaragoza
External organisation: Academic
University of Göttingen
External organisation: Academic
Shanghai University of Electric Power
External organisation: Academic
Northwestern University
External organisation: Academic
Institute of Physics
External organisation: Unknown
The University of Tokyo
External organisation: Academic
Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter
External organisation: Unknown
Durham University
External organisation: Academic
Boston University
External organisation: Academic
University of Virginia
External organisation: Academic
University of New South Wales
External organisation: Academic
Mississippi State University
External organisation: Academic
National Taiwan University
External organisation: Academic
Czech Academy of Sciences
External organisation: Academic
IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia - Roma
External organisation: Medical
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
External organisation: Government
University of Connecticut
External organisation: Academic
Georgia Institute of Technology
External organisation: Academic
University of Hamburg
External organisation: Academic
HARC
External organisation: Unknown
Penang Butterfly Farm
External organisation: Unknown
Stanford University
External organisation: Academic
Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf
External organisation: Academic
Institute of Molecular Functional Materials
External organisation: Unknown
Ghent University
External organisation: Academic
Texas A&M University at Qatar
External organisation: Academic
Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience Berlin
External organisation: Unknown
University of Freiburg
External organisation: Academic
Hanoi University
External organisation: Academic
Hangzhou Normal University
External organisation: Academic
University of Lisbon
External organisation: Academic
Yamagata University
External organisation: Academic
Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications
External organisation: Academic
University of Rochester
External organisation: Academic
Beijing University of Chemical Technology
External organisation: Academic
KTH Royal Institute of Technology
External organisation: Academic
Singapore Institute of Technology
External organisation: Medical
University of Colorado Boulder
External organisation: Academic
University of Copenhagen
External organisation: Academic
Houston Advanced Research Center
External organisation: Unknown
SUNY Buffalo
External organisation: Academic
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
External organisation: Academic
Argonne National Laboratory
External organisation: Unknown
University of Marburg
External organisation: Academic
South-Central University for Nationalities
External organisation: Academic
Université de technologie de Troyes
External organisation: Academic
Tamkang University
External organisation: Academic
University of Georgia
External organisation: Academic
California Institute of Technology
External organisation: Academic
CAS - Institute of Computing Technology
External organisation: Academic
The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC
External organisation: Unknown
Friedrich Schiller University Jena
External organisation: Academic
Laboratoire POMA
External organisation: Unknown
The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen
External organisation: Academic
University of Cincinnati
External organisation: Academic
Institute of Computing and Theory
External organisation: Unknown
Laboratory for Synthetic Chemistry and Chemical Biology Limited
External organisation: Unknown
Princeton University
External organisation: Academic
Institut Fresnel
External organisation: Unknown
The University of Chicago
External organisation: Academic
Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
External organisation: Unknown
Chengdu Green Energy and Green Manufacturing Technology RandD Center
External organisation: Unknown
eFlexPV Limited
External organisation: Unknown
IUT de Lannion
External organisation: Unknown
York University Toronto
External organisation: Academic
CSIC-UIB - Instituto de Fisica Interdisciplinar y Sistemas Complejos (IFISC)
External organisation: Unknown
University of Alabama
External organisation: Academic
Hunan Normal University
External organisation: Academic
University of Zagreb
External organisation: Academic
Oklahoma State University
External organisation: Academic
Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology
External organisation: Unknown
University of Maryland, College Park
External organisation: Academic
Academia Sinica - Institute of Physics
External organisation: Academic
Department of Electronic and Information Engineering
External organisation: Unknown
Center for Quantitative Systems Biology
External organisation: Unknown
Donostia International Physics Center
External organisation: Government
Guangxi Medical University
External organisation: Academic
University College London
External organisation: Academic
13th Institute of Ministry of Electronic Industry
External organisation: Unknown
Hangzhou Dianzi University
External organisation: Academic
13th Institute of Ministry of Electronic Industry
External organisation: Unknown
Xi'an University of Technology
External organisation: Academic
XiangTan University
External organisation: Academic
Swansea University
External organisation: Academic
TB Proof
External organisation: Unknown
CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion
External organisation: Academic
Utrecht University
External organisation: Academic
Environmental Protection Department
External organisation: Unknown
North Carolina State University
External organisation: Academic
Clemson University
External organisation: Academic
Kiel University
External organisation: Academic
University of Massachusetts Amherst
External organisation: Academic
French National Centre for Scientific Research
External organisation: Unknown
University of Pennsylvania
External organisation: Academic
Henan University
External organisation: Academic
Dipartimento di Fisiologia Umana e Farmacologia
External organisation: Unknown
Tianjin University of Technology
External organisation: Academic
Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation
External organisation: Government
New Jersey Institute of Technology
External organisation: Academic
Tata Institute of Fundamental Research
External organisation: Academic
Mirpur University of Science and Technology
External organisation: Academic
Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics
External organisation: Government
University of Pisa
External organisation: Academic
South China Institute of Collaborative Innovation
External organisation: Unknown
Industrial Technology Research Institute Hsinchu
External organisation: Government
North China Electric Power University
External organisation: Academic
CAS - Shanghai Advanced Research Institute
External organisation: Academic
Unit 11-15
External organisation: Unknown
Université de Lorraine
External organisation: Academic
University of Tübingen
External organisation: Academic
University of Lübeck
External organisation: Academic
Penang Butterfly Farm
External organisation: Unknown
United States Department of Energy
External organisation: Government
University of East Anglia
External organisation: Academic
Princess Margaret Cancer Centre
External organisation: Unknown
University of California at Santa Barbara
External organisation: Academic
Wuhan Institute of Technology
External organisation: Academic
Ming Chi University of Technology
External organisation: Academic
Helmholtz Centre Berlin for Materials and Energy
External organisation: Government
University of Innsbruck
External organisation: Academic
Ludong University
External organisation: Academic
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
External organisation: Academic
Sandia National Laboratories
External organisation: Government
Nagoya University
External organisation: Academic
Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research
External organisation: Government
Baylor College of Medicine
External organisation: Academic
Bangor University
External organisation: Academic
City University of New York
External organisation: Academic
Qingdao University of Technology
External organisation: Academic
Hongik University
External organisation: Academic
Université de Rennes
External organisation: Unknown
University of Waterloo
External organisation: Academic
Sechenov University
External organisation: Academic
Arizona State University
External organisation: Academic
Shanghai Medical University
External organisation: Academic
University of Arizona
External organisation: Academic
Technion-Israel Institute of Technology
External organisation: Academic
Ikerbasque Basque Foundation for Science
External organisation: Government
Neuroscience Research Australia
External organisation: Academic
Koninklijke Philips N.V.
External organisation: Corporate
Rockwell Scientific Company
External organisation: Unknown
Centre for Advanced Luminescence Materials
External organisation: Unknown
École nationale supérieure d'ingénieurs de Caen
External organisation: Academic
Hubei University of Science and Technology
External organisation: Academic
Academia Sinica Taiwan
External organisation: Academic
Center for Surface Analysis and Research
External organisation: Academic
Institut fiir Festkorperforschung der Kernforschungsanlage Julich
External organisation: Academic
Umeå University
External organisation: Academic
Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
External organisation: Unknown
CAS - Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering
External organisation: Academic
China University of Petroleum (East China)
External organisation: Academic
Indian Institute of Technology Bombay
External organisation: Academic
University of Alberta
External organisation: Academic
Tianjin Medical University
External organisation: Academic
University of Cape Town
External organisation: Academic
University of Oslo
External organisation: Academic
Jiao Tong University
External organisation: Unknown
Centro Atómico Bariloche, Instituto Balseiro
External organisation: Unknown
Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg
External organisation: Academic
Yangzhou University
External organisation: Academic
Université libre de Bruxelles
External organisation: Academic
Zhejiang University
External organisation: Academic
Boeing
External organisation: Corporate
Thermo Scientific
External organisation: Unknown
Academia Sinica - Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences
External organisation: Academic
NASU - Institute of Semiconductors Physics
External organisation: Academic
Université de Rennes 1
External organisation: Academic
Changsha University of Science and Technology
External organisation: Academic
Southern Medical University
External organisation: Academic
Xiamen University
External organisation: Academic
CAS - Institute of Acoustics
External organisation: Academic
Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission
External organisation: Government
Université de Djibouti
External organisation: Academic
Quanzhou Normal University
External organisation: Academic
University of Baghdad
External organisation: Academic
Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education
External organisation: Unknown
Dongguan University of Technology
External organisation: Academic
Pompeu Fabra University
External organisation: Academic
AZ Sint-Jan
External organisation: Unknown
Université de Strasbourg
External organisation: Academic
University of Gothenburg
External organisation: Academic
Eastman Kodak
External organisation: Corporate
Jiangsu University
External organisation: Academic
ShunDe SYSU Institute for Solar Energy
External organisation: Unknown
Jawaharlal Nehru University
External organisation: Academic
Tongren University
External organisation: Academic
Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel
External organisation: Government
CAS - Institute of Modern Physics
External organisation: Academic
Ruhr-Universität Bochum
External organisation: Academic
Nizhny Novgorod State University
External organisation: Academic
CAS - Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics
External organisation: Academic
Korea University
External organisation: Academic
Cardiff University
External organisation: Academic
Guangzhou Medical College
External organisation: Academic
Jackson Laboratory
External organisation: Government
Shanghai University
External organisation: Unknown
Polytechnic University of Turin
External organisation: Academic
University of Notre Dame
External organisation: Academic
University of Warwick
External organisation: Academic
National Institute for Nuclear Physics
External organisation: Government
University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point
External organisation: Academic
Western Sydney University
External organisation: Academic
Ruhr University Bochum
External organisation: Academic
Jiangsu Normal University
External organisation: Academic
University of Jinan
External organisation: Academic
Henan Polytechnic University
External organisation: Academic
University of Southern Mississippi
External organisation: Academic
CAS - Qingdao Institute of Biomass Energy and Bioprocess Technology
External organisation: Academic
University of Toronto
External organisation: Academic
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
External organisation: Government
CAS - Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion
External organisation: Academic
Tohoku University
External organisation: Academic
Universidad Nacional de San Luis
External organisation: Academic
Université Laval
External organisation: Academic
Tianjin Chengjian University
External organisation: Unknown
IBM T.J. Watson Research Center
External organisation: Unknown
Institute of High Performance Computing, IHPC
External organisation: Unknown
TianJin University of Technology and Education
External organisation: Academic
Yale University
External organisation: Academic
College of Media and International Culture
External organisation: Unknown
Nanjing Agricultural University
External organisation: Academic
National Center for Nanoscienceand Technology
External organisation: Academic
Chengdu University of Technology
External organisation: Academic
Institute of High Performance Computing, A*STAR, Singapore
External organisation: Unknown
Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
External organisation: Academic
School of Engineering and Technology
External organisation: Unknown
China University of Mining and Technology
External organisation: Academic
University of Lincoln
External organisation: Academic
University of Pittsburgh
External organisation: Academic
e-Ray Optoelectronics Technology Co., Ltd.
External organisation: Unknown
Institute of Theoretical Physics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics
External organisation: Unknown
Howard Hughes Medical Institute
External organisation: Academic
Central Queensland University
External organisation: Academic
Kyoto University
External organisation: Academic
National Institute for Materials Science Tsukuba
External organisation: Government
Georgia State University
External organisation: Academic
National Institute of Standards and Technology
External organisation: Government
National Chung Hsing University
External organisation: Academic
TaiZhou University
External organisation: Academic
Hebrew University of Jerusalem
External organisation: Academic
Institute of Molecular Functional Materials
External organisation: Unknown
Labyrinth Bioinformatics and Education
External organisation: Unknown
Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
External organisation: Government
MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE)
External organisation: Unknown
Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1
External organisation: Academic
Nankai University
External organisation: Academic
Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences
External organisation: Academic
Arizona State University (ASU)
External organisation: Unknown
King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology
External organisation: Government
Southwestern University of Finance and Economics
External organisation: Academic
Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research
External organisation: Government
Merck KGaA
External organisation: Corporate
Western University
External organisation: Academic
National Chiao Tung University
External organisation: Unknown
Northwestern Polytechnical University, China
External organisation: Unknown
Beijing University of Technology
External organisation: Academic
CAS - State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fuzhou
External organisation: Academic
Ningbo University
External organisation: Academic
Key Laboratory of Excited State Processes
External organisation: Unknown
University of Bath
External organisation: Academic
Phil Rivers Technology
External organisation: Unknown
Instituto de Telecomunicações
External organisation: Academic
Åbo Akademi University
External organisation: Academic
Queen Mary Hospital
External organisation: Medical